Modifications of the immune system caused by the cestode. Echinococcus granulosus: A review

Abstract

SUMMARY
Background: Echinococcus granuiosus is a parasite causing
hydatidosis, an infection characterised by a prolonged
course attributed to some form of immunosuppression.
Recent findings have increased our knowledge concerning
the parasite-evading mechanisms, making more rational future
therapeutic intervention. Methodology: The literature
was reviewed using MEDLINE search for immunology of
hydatidosis. Results: Accumulating data from animal experiments
and patient studies show clear evidence of immunomodulation
affecting all parts of immunity. The most
recent and important finding relating to improved parasite
survival is the induction of a cytokine-related Th2 response,
leading susceptibility to hydatid disease. Th1 response may
co-exist and relates with protective immunity. Conclusion:
The complete investigation of immunopathology may help
management, improving the efficacy of the conventional
therapeutic measures.
Key words: Echinococcus granulosus, hydatidosis,immunity,
lymphocytes, cytokines