Benign gastric outlet obstruction by a large phytobezoar

Ioannis Andreadis, Georgios Chrisakopoulos, Konstantina Papadaki, Vassilios Tzias

General and Oncology Hospital of Kifissia, Agioi Anargyroi, Kifissia, Greece

We read with interest the article of Shetty et al [1] on trichotillomania with gastric trichobezoar obstruction. Similarly, Zin et al [2] reported on okra phytobezoar-related gastrojejunostomy efferent limb obstruction.

We report a case of a 76-year-old man with a medical history of ulcer disease referred to our hospital due to recurrent vomiting, nausea and inability of food intake for the previous 48 h. On admission, his vital signs were normal (temperature: 36.5°C, blood pressure: 125/80 mmHg, heart rate: 93 bpm). Physical examination revealed mild sensitivity, distension of abdomen with splashing and presence of normal bowel movements. Laboratory tests, compared to previous ones, showed a significant increase in the hematocrit (51.8% from 46.1%) and serum urea (71 mg/dL from 47 mg/dL) implying moderate dehydration. Chest and abdominal X-ray showed a marked gastric air bubble, air-fluid levels located on small intestine and a downward shift of transverse colon (Fig. 1). Abdominal ultrasound demonstrated a stomach full of liquid content. The patient received parenteral hydration and a nasogastric tube was placed. Twelve hours later, approximately 2,500 mL had been drained. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a phytobezoar with a diameter of 4 cm, impacted in the pyloric canal. The phytobezoar was captured with a Dormia basket and was extracted (Fig. 2). After the extraction, the antrum was inspected revealing erythema and nodular appearance of the propyloric area. Biopsies were taken to exclude malignancy. Insertion of the endoscope through the pylorus was successful, without any further findings in the duodenum. After the procedure, the patient mentioned that a few days before admission he ate an orange without proper mastication (he did not have his dentures on). The patient started oral feeding with instructions of mindful chewing. Treatment with proton pump inhibitors q.d. for one month was given. To our knowledge, he remains asymptomatic. Histology was negative.

Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is the clinical and pathophysiological consequence of any disease process that produces a mechanical impediment to gastric emptying. In the past, when peptic ulcer disease (PUD) was more prevalent, benign causes were the most common, however, one review shows that only 37% of patients with GOO have benign disease and the remaining patients have obstruction secondary to malignancy [3]. The leading causes of benign GOO are PUD and ingestion of corrosives [4]. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opium addiction are rare causes of GOO [5]. Other benign causes are gastric polyps, pyloric stenosis, congenital duodenal webs, gallstone obstruction (Bouveret syndrome), pancreatic pseudocysts and bezoars [4]. Among the various types of bezoars, the most common type is the phytobezoars, composed mainly of undigested vegetable materials [2].

In conclusion, proper mastication should always be recommended to people with dentition problems. Treatment of any underlying cause with adequate fluid intake and avoidance of a strictly fibrous diet could prevent recurrence.

References

1. Shetty S, Janarathanan K, Arunachalam P. Trichotillomania with gastric trichobezoar. Ann Gastroenterol 2013;26:255.

2. Zin T, Maw M, Pai DR, Paijan RB, Kyi M. Efferent limb of gastrojejunostomy obstruction by a whole okra phytobezoar: Case report and brief review. World J Gatsrointest Endosc 2012;4:197-200.

3. Andersson A, Bergdahl L. Carcinoid tumors of the appendix in children. A report of 25 cases. Acta Chir Scand 1977;143:173-175.

4. Kochhar R, Kochhar S. Endoscopic balloon dilation for benigngastric outlet obstruction in adults. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2010;2:29-35.

5. Noor MT, Dixit P, Kochhar R, et al. NSAIDs-Related pyloroduodenal obstruction and its endoscopic management. Diagn Ther Endosc 2011;2011:967957.

Gastroenterology Department, General and Oncology Hospital of Kifissia “Agioi Anargyroi”, Kifissia, Greece

Conflicts of Interest: None

Correspondence to: Georgios Chrisakopoulos, General and Oncology Hospital of Kifissia “Agioi Anargyroi”, Timiou Stavrou & Noufaron, Kifissia, Greece, Tel.: + 210 3501576, Fax: +210 3501588, e-mail: chrisakopoulosg@gmail.com

Received 11 July 1013; accepted 24 July 2013